Breast cancer prevention strategies include avoiding known risks, having a healthy lifestyle, and medications or surgery for those at high risk. Breast cancer pathophysiology breast cancer is a malignant tumor that starts in the cells of the breast. In 1940, the lifetime risk of a woman developing breast cancer was 5%, or one in 20. Pdf risk factors, genetic mutations and prevention of.
Studies have shown that about 5% to 10% of breast cancers in women can be attributed to nonpreventable reasons, such as hereditary genes. If your mother, sister, father or child has been diagnosed with breast or ovarian cancer, you have a higher risk of being diagnosed with breast cancer in the future. Conversely, exposure to ultraviolet light from the sun is a risk factor for skin cancer but not lung cancer. Many of the risk factors for breast cancer are believed to result from the overall dose of estrogen the breast tissue.
While you cant change some breast cancer risk factorsfamily history and. We dont yet completely understand the causes of breast cancer in men, but researchers have found several factors that may increase the risk of getting it. However, researchers have found factors that increase or decrease the chance of getting breast cancer. Some women with one or more breast cancer risk factors never develop breast. The increased incidence is not surprising since there has been, in most countries, an increase in numbers of women with major breast cancer risk factors. Nov 25, 2014 breast cancer bc is a lifechanging event. Primary prevention offers the greatest public health. Type and timing of menopausal hormone therapy and breast cancer risk. Risk factors for breast cancer can include personal factors, family history and genetic factors, reproductive, lifestyle and environmental factors and medical history and medications. May 01, 2014 nonmodifiable risk factors family history of breast cancer.
Compared to other malignancies in women, bc has received considerably more public attention. Some of the factors associated with breast cancer being a woman, your age, and your genetics, for example cant be changed. A matched casecontrol study of risk factors for breast. Etiology of breast cancer global cancer observatory iarc. You will find out more about the factors that increase the chance of developing metastatic breast cancer. If you have breast cancer risk factors, talk with your doctor about ways you can lower your risk and about screening for breast cancer. The breast cancer risk assessment tool allows health professionals to estimate a womans risk of developing invasive breast cancer over the next 5 years and up to age 90 lifetime risk the tool uses a womans personal medical and reproductive history and the history of breast cancer among her firstdegree relatives mother, sisters, daughters to estimate absolute breast cancer risk. Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer breast.
The precise causes of breast cancer are unclear, but we know the main risk factors. Like other cancers, there are several factors that can raise the risk of getting breast cancer. Gender women are at greater risk than men for developing the disease. Pdf breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer deaths among women. Also, lifestyle factors like alcohol consumption 69, high fat diet 1014 and smoking 1517 have been identified by many studies as risk factors for breast cancer. Established, speculated, and unsupported risk factors for human breast cancer established risk factors female gender age previous breast cancer benign breast disease hereditary factors family history of breast cancer. Apr 08, 2020 numerous risk factors have been found to increase a womans risk of developing breast cancer the common denominator for many of them is their effect on the level and duration of exposure to endogenous estrogen. The goal of secondary breast cancer prevention is to prevent recurrence of breast cancer. Schematic diagram of risk factors and preventions of breast cancer. Evidence from the cancer genome atlas network showed that the 4 main breast cancer. Selected breast cancer risk factors and early detection of the. Other organizations conduct research andor prepare detailed summary reports of research on certain factors shown to have a link or no link to breast.
Learn more about breast cancer prevention, risks and protective factors, and how to estimate risk. Approximately onehalf of newly diagnosed breast cancers can be explained by known risk factors. Breast cancer awareness risk factors for breast cancer. As mentioned above, breast cancer is far more common in women. Breast cancer risk factors what affects your risk of getting breast cancer. All data presented within the about breast cancer section of this website come from studies done with people. Breast cancer is a serious condition that affects thousands of men and women every year. There are different types of risk factors, some of which can be changed or modified, and some which cannot.
Many breast cancer risk factors are associated with higher levels of sex hormones, and it is thought to be by this mechanism that they are linked with breast cancer risk. At present, approximately 180 000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer. Numerous risk factors have been found to increase a womans risk of developing breast cancer the common denominator for many of them is their effect on the level and duration of exposure to endogenous estrogen. Most women have some risk factors, but most women do not get breast cancer. The etiology of breast cancer might be explained by 2 mechanisms, namely, differentiation and proliferation of breast epithelial cells mediated by hormonal factors. Evidence from the cancer genome atlas network showed that the 4 main breast cancer subtypes her2enriched, luminal a, luminal b and. A significant role in the modification of the risk of occurrence of neoplastic disease is played by dietary habits typical for a given age group or population. Here, we intend to provide a comprehensive uptodate overview of the basic biological aspects of breast cancer, including the risk factors, specific breast cancer classifications and subtypes, possible roles of mammary stem cells in breast cancer, major signaling pathways in breast cancer development, common gene mutations in breast cancer. Risk factors for breast cancer at a young age bring your. To identify susceptible and protective factors associated with breast cancer, comparisons between groups women with breast cancer and breast cancer free controls were conducted using univariate logistic regression.
Studies have shown that your risk for breast cancer is due to a combination of factors. Although risk factors often influence the development of cancer, most do not directly cause cancer. It is significantly less frequently found in women below 45 years of age. This means that a man born today has about a 1 in 800 chance of being diagnosed with breast cancer. A risk factor is anything that increases a persons chance of developing cancer. Smartdraw includes s of professional healthcare and anatomy chart templates that you can modify and make your own. It is possible to prevent some of these risk factors. As an example, breast cancer is the most common cancer in females in the united states and the second most common cause of cancer death in women. Despite improved neoadjuvant, adjuvant, and palliative treatment strategies for each characteristic molecular bc. Some women will get breast cancer even without any other risk factors that they know of.
Affected by breast cancer, the 1994 discovery of the first breast cancer. The known risk factors for breast cancer are listed below. Dec 26, 2019 breast cancer epidemiology and risk factors. Still, most women considered at high risk for breast cancer do not get it, while many with no known risk factors. Substantial advances have been made in the treatment of breast cancer, but the introduction of methods to predict women at elevated risk and prevent the disease has been less successful. The risk of breast cancer increases with age, and breast cancer incidence rates are highest in women over 70 years of age. Breast cancer is diagnosed more often in caucasian women than women of other races. Genetic and hormonal risk factors in breast cancer jnci. The risk of ra in women with a history of breast cancer. Breast cancer risk and prevention american cancer society. Having any or all of these risk factors does not mean that you will get the disease. Breast cancer risk models have been used to guide entry criteria in prevention trials and to determine the eligibility of women for preventive therapy and supplemental screening by magnetic resonance imaging. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the sociodemographic factors, family history, reproductive factors, the lifestyle factors and external factors with the. A risk factor is something that may increase the chance of getting a disease.
Risk factors for breast cancer breast cancer cancer. As it was mentioned above, breast cancer is most frequently found in women around menopause. However, there are some risk factors you can control, such as weight, physical activity, and alcohol consumption. Cancer is a multifactorial disease, and benign breast diseases are one of the most important risk factors for breast cancer. Tobacco use, aging, heredity, alcohol use, poor nutrition, obesity, and radiation or chemical exposure are the most common risk factors of developing cancer.
The development of breast cancer is a multistep process. Cervical cancer risk factors risk factors for cervical. In this work, we extend marginal survival models that have been extensively applied in modelling breast cancer risk factors elsewhere 15, 16 by including the random effect the frailty which is. For some advice on doing this, you can use iprevent, talk to your doctor or visit our reducing your risk page. Eating products containing a large amount of antioxidants or rich in vitamin d may lead to a 20% reduction in the relative risk of breast cancer 26, 28. Some men with one or more breast cancer risk factors never develop the disease, while most men with breast cancer have no apparent risk factors. Breast cancer remains a major public health problem. Despite the identification of many factors increasing the risk of breast cancer occurrence, in 7580% of women no risk factor is found 1. The incidence is rising in most countries and is projected to rise further over the next 20 years despite current efforts to prevent the disease. There are many risk factors for breast cancer some are things you can change and others are not. Most breast cancers are found in women who are 50 years old or older.
Create healthcare diagrams like this example called risk factors of breast cancer in minutes with smartdraw. We report data from a matched casecontrol study of risk factors for breast cancer in the largest cancer hospital in vietnam. Age, family history, reproductive factors, estrogen and life style are five important risk factors of breast cancer, represented. Nov 11, 2016 however, having a cancer risk factor, or even several of them, does not necessarily mean that a person will get cancer.
Despite more than 100 years of epidemiological research mostly. Sep 30, 2015 intrinsic factors conditioning breast cancer occurrence. Breast cancer is complex and likely caused by a combination of risk factors. The established risk factors for breast cancer, and. In addition to the risk factors all women face, some risk factors put young women at a higher risk for getting breast cancer at a young age if you are under the age of 45, you may have a higher risk for breast cancer if. Breast cancer is an increasing public health problem. Causes of breast cancer national breast cancer foundation.
While you cant change some breast cancer risk factorsfamily. Many of the risk factors for breast cancer are believed to result from the overall dose of estrogen the breast tissue receives over time. Risk factors for developing breast cancer are made up of two categories preventable and nonpreventable. Image from the national cancer institute nci, surveillance, epidemiology, and end results program seer. By choosing the healthiest lifestyle options possible, you can empower yourself and make sure your breast cancer risk is as low as possible. In 2019 the latest year for which statistics are available, the risk was % or one in 8.
Here, we summarize recent data on newer approaches to risk prediction, available approaches to prevention, how new approaches may be made, and the. However, researchers have found factors that increase. Many of the most important risk factors for breast cancer are beyond your control, such as age, family history, and medical history. Classification of cancer cancer can be classified according to the following categories. Risk determination and prevention of breast cancer. It is an update of the summary of risk factors for breast cancer. Breast cancer risk and environmental factors for millions of women whose lives have been affected by breast cancer, the 1994 discovery of the first breast. Risk factors for breast cancer share cancer support. The exact cause of breast cancer remains unclear, but some risk factors make it more likely. Pdf risk factors and preventions of breast cancer researchgate. Traditionally, scientists divided the factors that influence an.
Breast cancer national institute of environmental health. Be sure to talk with your doctor about all of your possible risk factors for breast cancer. Breast cancer risk is not associated with breast cancer in an adoptive parent, and does not vary with time since the family member was diagnosed, indicating geneticbiological factors or increased diagnostic activity rather than environmental factors underpin familial clustering of breast cancer. Age, family history, reproductive factors, estrogen and life style are five important risk factors of breast cancer, represented in the pyramid chart. Established, speculated, and unsupported risk factors for human breast cancer established risk factors female gender age previous breast cancer benign breast disease hereditary factors family history of breast cancer early age at menarche late age at menopause late age at first fullterm pregnancy. The strongest risk factors for breast cancer are female sex and age. Influence of lifestyle factors on breast cancer risk. Pdf breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed neoplastic disease in women around menopause often leading to a significant reduction of these. Risk factors for breast cancer canadian cancer society. Being a woman and getting older are the main risk factors for breast cancer. Risk factors for breast cancer american council on science.
Results the risk of incident breast cancer in women with ra was reduced and the association was not attenuated by adjustment for breast cancer risk factors hr0. This information provided by cancer council western australia external site the cause of breast cancer is still unknown, however research has identified a number of factors that increase the chances risk of developing breast cancer. Sex hormones also known as sex steroids include oestrogen, progesterone and testosterone. Although these risk factors can increase the odds of developing cervical cancer, many women with these risks do not develop this disease. Eating products containing a large amount of antioxidants or rich in vitamin d may lead to a 20% reduction in the relative risk of breast cancer. The main factors that influence your risk include being a woman and getting older. There are some risk factors for breast cancer that a person should pay serious attention to. Christchurch school of medicine and health sciences. However, even women with unchangeable risk factors can do things to manager their breast cancer risk. The total group of breast cancer women as well as different age subgroups was separately compared with the control group. When considering your breast cancer risk, it is important to remember that most women who develop breast cancer have no obvious risk factors and no family history of breast cancer. Ovarian hormones, estrogens in particular, play an important role in breast cancer. Multiple risk factors influence the development of breast cancer.
This cancer can be aggressive but if treated early a person will increase their chance for survival. But having a risk factor, or even many, does not mean that you are sure to get the disease. Other factors being overweight, lack of exercise, smoking cigarettes, and eating unhealthy food can be changed by making choices. Epidemiological characteristics of and risk factors for. Approximately 1,300 women with youngonset breast cancer. The ovaries make most of the bodys estrogen, but after menopause fat tissue produces a small amount of estrogen. Longterm accuracy of breast cancer risk assessment. Komen has uptodate information on many established, probable and possible risk factors for breast cancer and information on many factors shown not to increase risk. Risk factors for breast cancer of different age groups. For men born in the united states today, the lifetime risk of breast cancer is 0. Other factors being overweight, lack of exercise, smoking cigarettes, and eating unhealthy food. An overview of breast cancer epidemiology, risk factors.
Breast cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease where there is a strong interplay between genetic and environmental factors. In addition to the risk factors all women face, some risk factors put young women at a higher risk for getting breast cancer at a young age if you are under the age of 45, you may have a higher risk for breast cancer if you have close relatives who were diagnosed with breast cancer before the age of 45 or ovarian cancer. Risk factors for breast cancer in women iv other factors appeared to have a moderate level of increased risk rr 1. Two sister study an offshoot of the sister study, this study focuses on breast cancer in women younger than 50, who may have different breast cancer risk factors than older women. In poland, consulting is offered to women about risk factors of breast cancer, breast. Globally, breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed malignancy and the leading cause of cancer death in women.
Breast cancer, lung cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, and lymphoma are among the different types of cancer and symptoms may vary according to type. However, men can also get breast cancer, but it is 100 times more common in women than in men. Some factors you may be able to control like exercise. Vietnam has a low agestandardized incidence of breast cancer, but the incidence is rising rapidly with economic development. Breast cancer risk in american women national cancer. Women with certain risk factors are more likely than others to develop breast cancer.
1114 1359 125 966 1335 1677 430 1133 1425 1083 209 970 611 1063 199 1243 163 414 435 1420 105 118 507 712 489 486 404 1200 623 627 269 1435 394